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Identify their risk factors buy discount levlen 0.15mg line birth control for women with blood clots, and give an example of a character at risk for each of the following: a. List typical questions that should be part of a Scenario: Samuel Kaplan is an 80-year-old man family assessment. Volunteer some of your time at a local home- less shelter or any other service-oriented organization. Explain how you could attempt to provide Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. What resources might be helpful for and/or ethical/legal competencies are most Mr. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of a system? A system is an entity in itself and cannot communicate with or react to its Circle the letter that corresponds to the best environment. A theory is based on facts and contains allow energy, matter, or information to absolute or direct proof. Each system is independent of its subsystems that gives meaning to a series of events. When a nursing theorist identifies a specific through which of the following processes? Which of the following theorists believed that a person is a biopsychosocial being who is c. According to Levine’s theory of nursing, nurs- ing practice should focus on which of the d. The human and the complexity of his or when using the quantitative research process? State the research problem as a general to the behavioral system, when illness problem, as opposed to focusing narrowly occurs on the problem being studied. Do not define the purpose of the study stressors, with primary concern for the total until conclusions have been made. The culture of each individual group, or sources, including people, literature, society documents, and findings. Basic research is designed to directly influ- descriptions of nursing theorists and their cen- ence or improve clinical practice. Hildegard Peplau: Nursing is a therapeutic, on the level of current knowledge about a interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. Data that researchers collect from subjects who requires help to reach independence. A hypothesis is based on the independent ill person in the healthcare setting; describes variables that the researcher finds. Martha Rogers: A focus on rehabilitation, conditions that are manipulated or identi- encompassing nursing’s autonomy in the fied to determine the effects of the depend- therapeutic use of cure and care. Instruments are the devices used to collect self-care deficits require nursing actions. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition. Systems are hierarchical in nature and are functions that bring about a desired goal composed of interrelated subsystems that 2. Systems are not separated from each other and construct our perceptions of life by boundaries. A system communicates with and reacts to the common purpose of contributing an its environment through input and output. The theory describes the process by which living matter adjusts to other living 7. Defines a continuously occurring process coercion, or to refuse to participate without that effects change and involves interac- jeopardizing the care he/she will receive.
Metabolic activity of moistures - actively and rapidly growing micro-organisms are more susceptible to drug action than those in the resting phase levlen 0.15 mg lowest price birth control 4 walmart. Techniques of routinely used antimicrobial sensitivity testing (disc diffusion tests) Required: - sensitivity testing media - Anti-microbial discs - Control strains - Turbidity standard 109 Sensitivity testing media: The commonly used media is Mueller- Hinton agar. For pathogens requiring enriched media like Neisseria gonorrhea, Heamophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, it is necessary to add blood to (heat it if needed) sensitivity testing agar. Turbidity (Opacity) standard: This is a barium chloride standard against which the turbidity of the test inocula can be compared. The turbidity of the standard is equivalent to the turbidity of subcultured broth test micro-organism. Method - Emulsify several colonies of similar appearance of the test organism in a small volume of sterile nutrient both. Type of specimen The correct type of specimen to be collected will depend on the pathogens to be isolated. For example: a cervical not a vaginal swab is required for the most successful isolation of N. Time of collection Specimens such as urine and sputum are best collected soon after a patient wakes when organisms have had the opportunity to multiply over several hours. Collection techniques ♦ The laboratory should issue written instruction to all those responsible for collecting specimens including staff of wards, out patient clinics and health centres. The swabs used to collect the specimens must be sterile and the absorbent cotton wool from which the swabs are made must be free from antibacterial substances. Container must be clean but need not be sterile for the collection of feaces and sputum. Labelling of specimens and sending of a request form Each specimen must be accompanied by a request form which gives: - The patient’s name, age (whether an infant, child or adult), number, and ward or health center. Preservatives and transport media for microbiological specimen In general, specimens for microbiological investigations should be delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible. Amies transport medium widely used and effective in ensuring the survival of pathogens like the more delicate organisms such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Cary - Blair medium in used as transport medium for faeces that may contain Salmonella, shigella, campylobacter or vibro species. Transport of microbiological specimens collected in a hospital • Specimen should reach to the laboratory as soon as possible or a suitable preservative or transport medium must be used. When dispatching microbilogical speciemens: 117 1) Keep a register of all specimens dispatched. Type of specimen Investigation required Date of dispatch Method of sending the specimen (eg. Seal round the container cap with adhesive tape to prevent loosening and leakage during transit. Therefore, it becomes contaminated in the small number of commensal organisms from the upper respiratory tract and mouth Gram positive Gram negative Staphyloccus aureus Neisseria Staphyloccus epidermidis Branhamella catarrhac’s Streptococcus Viridans Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pnemoniae Fusobacteria Enterocci Coliforms Diphtheroids Yeast-lke fungi 119 In a hospital with a microbiology Laboratory. Give the patient a clean (need not be sterile), dry, wide- necked, leak- proof container and request him or her to cough deeply to produce a sputum specimen Note: The specimen must be sputum, not saliva. Sputum is best collected in the morning, soon after the patent wakes and before any mouth-wash is used. If the patient is young child and it is not possible to obtain sputum, gastric washings can be used for the isolation of M. If pneumonia or bronchopneumonia is suspected, deliver the sputum to the laboratory with as little delay as possible. Depending on whether the sputum is for the isolation of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia or M. Label the container using a lead pencil Amies will help the pathogens to survive and from being overgrown by fast-multiplying commensas. If pneumonia plague is suspected: - Send the swab of the sputum in cary-Blair transport medium to reach the microbiology laboratory. Describe the appearance of the specimens • Purulent: Green- looking with pus and mucus.
